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Types of Vehicle Diagnostics Vehicle diagnostics are a way to identify a range of problems that can arise with the vehicle. There are many types of diagnostic tools available. The technician in charge of service will select the appropriate one based upon the condition of the vehicle and the condition. These tools include OBD-II and CANBUS. The technician is able to identify the issue and perform needed repairs by using the appropriate tool. OBD-II OBD-II vehicle diagnostics utilize sensors to detect problems in vehicles. These sensors send abnormal data to the vehicle's engine control unit (ECU) that stores it as a Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC). The code is a string of letters and numbers that determine the nature and the root of the issue. OBD-II codes are used to determine the condition of all areas of a vehicle including the chassis, powertrain and network. OBD-II vehicle diagnostics can be carried out with the help of various tools. These tools range from simple tools for the average consumer, to more advanced OEM tools, and vehicle telematics systems. The most basic tools are hand-held scanners and fault code readers. But, there are high-end and robust tools available on the market. A scan tool can read the diagnostic trouble codes from the vehicle's computer system. It also reads the VIN of the vehicle. OBD-II scanners also come with a feature which allows them to read codes from any protocol. The data can be read, and then interpreted by mechanics and give you the necessary information about your vehicle's problem. OBD-II car diagnostics can aid you in saving money on repairs while also improving your car's performance. They can also provide information about the health and state of the engine's key components as well as emissions controls. With this information, technicians can diagnose problems quickly and efficiently. CANBUS A scanner tool can be used to look over the entire system a vehicle that is CANBUS certified. This will let you see which modules are required to be on and which ones are off. If one or more of these modules are not functioning, it could be a sign of a communication issue or a wiring issue. Many symptoms are caused by CAN bus issues which can cause an incomplete or partial loss of vehicle functionality. These issues can cause an audible warning or visual indication for the operator of the vehicle. Other symptoms may include software errors. A CAN bus issue could cause a malfunctioning charging system, poor battery voltage, or faulty connections. Low resistance readings on CAN ports can be an indication of a defective CAN or wiring harness. Certain CAN devices come with an internal termination resistor that turns off and on when the unit is powered up. The manufacturer's information on service should contain the internal termination resistors of the specific CAN device. The CAN bus protocol that is a message-based protocol, allows car components to communicate with each other. Multiplex electrical wiring can be utilized to reduce copper consumption and facilitate communication between vehicles. Each device transmits information in a frame which is received by all devices connected to the network. Check engine light The Check Engine light on your car can be an indication of a major problem. If you've observed an red or orange light on your dashboard, have your car looked at immediately. It will cost less to fix it the sooner you fix it. You might also experience other symptoms like engine noises or other unusual sounding. Whatever the cause regardless of the reason Check Engine Light is meant to let you know of the presence of a problem with your vehicle. The Check Engine Light is an orange, engine-shaped symbol that is found in the instrument cluster. It is activated when the car’s on-board computer detects the issue. There are many different reasons that could cause this indicator to appear and in some cases, the problems could be as simple as a loose gas cap or a spark plug. A problem with your exhaust system might also be a cause of a Check Engine Light. An exhaust gas recirculation valve (EGR) could trigger this light to turn on. These valves don't require regular maintenance , but they could become blocked with carbon and require to be replaced. EGR valves that are not working properly could also result in higher levels of emissions. Once you've fixed this issue, the car's sensors will switch off the light automatically. If your car's CEL remains on for longer than three days, you may want to check it again, or manually reset the light. A diagnostic scan will reveal the issues that cause your Check Engine Light to come on. In some cases an easy scan using a basic scan tool can pinpoint the problem. A professional scan tool is required for more complex problems. Trouble codes DTCs (diagnostic trouble codes) are the digits you can use to detect problems with your vehicle. They range in length from one to five characters and can represent anything from a warning light to a malfunctioning engine. These codes can be used to troubleshoot and identifying the root of problems. DTCs can be used to identify issues with vehicles, but not all of them will be serious. Sometimes, trouble codes can signal that the sensor circuit is out of range or that there is an issue with the emissions control system. After you have identified the cause of the trouble then you can begin to figure out the solution. It is important to know where the trouble codes are stored in your vehicle. DTCs are typically stored in the Engine Control Module or Powertrain Control Module. Diagnostic trouble codes are important for determining what kind of issue is causing the issue. They can help mechanics diagnose problems and determine the repairs needed. The check engine light may signal a problem in the fuel level sensor circuit. It could also indicate a problem with the emissions idle control system. In other instances, the light can be a sign of something more serious, for instance, an unfit gas cap. Certain codes could be dangerous and should be addressed immediately. If you have more than one DTC in your vehicle, it's crucial to determine which is more urgent and needs to repair. Checking fuel supply Volume and pressure of fuel can be a critical component of vehicle diagnostics. A malfunctioning fuel pump can create diagnostic trouble codes on your vehicle's computer. You can read these codes using scanners or a code reader tool. Many auto parts stores provide codes reading services for no cost. Alternately, you can purchase inexpensive code reading devices for your smartphone. Once you have a good idea of what to look out for you can determine the fuel pressure. Checking fuel supply is a step by step process. It's fairly easy to carry out. Listen for a hum in the fuel tank and then check it. It should last for around 2 seconds before stopping. If you hear a humming sound it is a sign that your fuel pump's electrical circuit is functioning correctly. If not, it is time to conduct additional diagnostic tests. In addition to taking the fuel pressure reading, you can check the MAF sensor for leaks as well as clogged fuel injectors. A MAF sensor that is dirty may be the cause of the P0171/P0174 codes. If you are unsure which part you should replace, you can use a volumetric efficiency chart or calculator to determine which one. Monitoring the fuel pressure is crucial to your vehicle's health. If Click Link is healthy, but the flow is poor then you'll be unable to start the vehicle. Low fuel flow can be a sign of poor pressure readings on the voltmeter. You can test the voltage and ampage of the injector's pulses using an amp clamp. Checking air filter If your car's filter is dirty, it can cause a variety of problems, from rapid acceleration to fuel that is not burned and small explosions. It is possible to identify problems early by checking your air filter. Begin by removing all fasteners that connect the air intake box together. They may be screws, clips or Hex nuts. After the fasteners have been removed then you can take out the air filter. Make sure the filter is clean and seated properly. This will enable it to work correctly. If the filter is not clean, the engine will not perform as it should and may not provide a accurate reading. The air filter is typically located close to the engine, or near the front of the vehicle. A clogged air filter can also cause the check engine light to illuminate. This indicator could also indicate a more serious problem. A blocked air filter could cause excessive fuel to be burned by restricting air flow into your engine. Carbon deposits in excess can cause the check engine light. A professional mechanic will be able to identify the cause of the light's appearance. The air filter is an important element in the engine of a car. It keeps impurities and dust out of the engine's air which leads to better combustion. If your airflow isn't optimal, your engine may have difficulty starting, running, and accelerating.